Industry analysis of cosmetics free essay sample

(O) Men say no to body hair. The attitude of men towards the purchase and consumption of cosmetic products have changed. This is an opportunity because it will give rise to a new consumer group for the cosmetic industry. (O) Application of anti-aging cream demonstrated improvement in depth of wrinkles. The positive feedback from the users reveals the usefulness and efficiency of the product. Thus they will continue to use products. SOCIO-CULTURAL (T) Use of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (DS) in personal care products such as skin creams, antiperspirants, and shampoos.. The chemical used in personal care products such as creams, shampoos, i.e. DS can pose danger to the marine environment. (T) Average adult who uses nine personal care products daily, and is exposed to 126 chemicals. Survey supports this fact that 10,500 chemical ingredients used in personal care products, only 11% have been safety assessed. Therefore the use of cosmetics is a threat to the consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Industry analysis of cosmetics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ECONOMIC (O) Sales of cosmetics and fragrances are forecast to increase by 16.5% between 2012 and 2016. This is a positive sign for the cosmetic industry, as the ever increasing buyers will help to boost the sales in future. (O) Income level of female consumers is increasing their expenditure for cosmetic product is also increasing. Females are spending a large amount of their disposable income on the cosmetics. The direct relation between the income and consumption level of cosmetics will prove to be beneficial for the cosmetic industry. TECHNOLOGICAL (O) L’Oreal developed a gene-activating serum, Genifique, in 2009. One Genifique product is sold every four seconds. The cosmetic industry is focusing on new research and development. This proves that they understand market condition and tend to enhance effectiveness and technology. (O) E-commerce of beauty products in Brazil increased 47% in the first half of 2011, logging more than half a million items sold.. Online purchase of cosmetics is an easy and convenient way to shop for the best products. It will provide an opportunity for growth in the sales of cosmetics. REGULATORY (O) Implementation of new FDA regulations. The regulations ensure that the consumers are using a safe product. Testing of products increases the faith of the customer in the product. COMPETITON/ INDUSTRY (O) New launches key to driving growth in cosmetics. The new products of cosmetics seek the attention of the target groups, people tend to get attracted to the latest colors and products which will help them look good. (T) Natural and organic cosmetic sales are part of the fastest growing sector in the cosmetic industry.. The organic cosmetics can hinder the development and sales of the chemical cosmetics. Bibliography Bonifacio, F. (2011). Strong growth for online cosmetic sale. Global Cosmetic Industry. Chan-Koo, K. (2012). The Cosmetics Industry Adopts a high-tech Makeover. Seri Quartely. Chemical Market Reporter. (2010). Environmental Group Petitions For Cosmetics Safety Assessment. Cosmetics and Fragrances Market Report. (2012). Chemicals and Chemistry Business. Duber-Smith, D. C. (2012). Natural Cosemetics. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Junaid, A. B. (2013). A Study on the Purchase Behaviour and Cosmetic Consumption Pattern among Young Females. Journal of Social and Development Sciences. McLeod, C. (2013). The Necessity Of Testing In New Product Development.  Global Cosmetic Industry. Mukherjee, W. (2012). As Indian Men Say No to Body Hair ,Others Make Money. The Economic Times. Reisch, M. (2012). Chemical and Engineering News.

The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay Essay Example The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay Essay The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay Essay We are group two who did the review of Marriott Hotel belongings in Anaheim, California. The group consists of three members instead than five because of the deficient sum of pupils. Our group member names are Jake Kim, Jason Nam, and Parda Anthony Phung. This Marriott Hotel was a Convention Hotel that provided largely for concern groups, convention events, and leisure travellers they still provided hospitable service. The individual we made an assignment with was the director of the Human Resources Department, Karen Kretschmer. The day of the month she provided us to run into at was March 4th, Friday 2011 at 10:30 A.M. In our meeting, Karen gave us a elaborate circuit of how the hotel was organized and how it functions, get downing from the check-in desk to the belowground behind-the-scene sections of technology, accounting, and wash, etc. Besides, she was nice plenty to take us up to the 19th floor to demo us the hip ( as Karen would state ) and neatly fashioned suite that happ ened to be fortunately available that twenty-four hours. Not merely did the Marriott seem like a ace topographic point to remain for the dark, but the environment, whether it be employees or other invitees provided a comfy and safe ambiance. My statement is proof that Marriott is wining in their mission which states: To win in service by proactively offering clients the most valuable aid, information and support in a uniquely warm and lovingness mode. Introduction- Marriott International John Willard Marriott was born at Marriott Settlement, Utah, on September 17, 1900, the second of eight kids of Hyrum Willard Marriott and Ellen Morris Marriott. As a kid, J.W. Marriott helped his male parent run his household s farmstead raising sugar Beta vulgariss. By the age of 13, J.W. Marriott went into concern for himself raising boodle on a few estates on his household s farm. His first summer crop brought in $ 2000. Upon graduating Weber Junior College and the University of Utah, J.W. Marriot opened up a nine-stool root beer base with his wife-to-be, Alice Sheets in 1927. The root beer bases in which they subsequently called The Hot Shoppes was built in Northwest Washington D.C. A After his concern launched, J.W. Marriott went back to Utah to get married his lover Alice Sheet on June 9, 1927 in Salt Lake City. A The Hot Shoppes began to spread out around 1934, and in 1937, the Airline catering concern begins at Hoover Field where the Pentagon is presently built on. The division was named In-Flite Catering and served Capital, Eastern, and American Airlines ( Marriott ) . A It was nt until 1945, that the Hot Shoppe Cafeteria landed its first authorities feeding contract, and In-Flite Catering landed its first airport terminus food-service contract at Miami International Airport. A During World War II, the Hot Shoppes feeds 1000s of workers who move to the state s capital to work in the defence industry ( Marriott ) . In 1957, Marriott opens its first hotel, the 365-room Twin Bridges Motor Hotel in Arlington, Virginia. Marriott Food Service lands its first institutional and school eating contracts at Children s Hospital and American University ; Marriott s Highway Division opens several Hot Shoppes on the New Jersey Turnpike ( Marriott ) . Around that clip, Marriott s stock was opened to the populace at a rate of $ 10.25 a portion, which sold out in a clip span of two hours. Around 1964 and 1965, J.W. Marriott Jr. was made the President, and the Marriott Foundation was established. A Somewhere in between 1967 and 1969, the corporate name was changed from Hot Shoppe Inc. to the Marriott Corporation ( Marriott ) . A The company so opened the Fairfield Farm Kitchens, which was a nutrient production and buying installation in Beaver Heights, Maryland. The In-Flite so opened a installation in Venezuela, and Marriott acquired Camelback Inn, which was its first resort belongings. A The Marriott Found ation besides bought Bob s Large Boy Restaurants, and the Marriott s 1st international hotel opened up in Acapulco, Mexico. In the 1970 s, J.W. Marriott Jr. was made the CEO the Marriott Foundation, and obtained its first hotel-management contracts. In 1975 and 1976, the company opened its first European hotel in Amsterdam, and besides opened up two subject Parkss, both called Great America, located in Santa Clara, California, and Gurnee, Illinois ( Marriott ) . In 1977, the company celebrated in 50th day of remembrance, and the new corporate central office was built in Bethesda, Maryland in 1979. By the 1980s, the company began to boom significantly. The Marriott Foundation opened its hundredth hotel in Hawaii, and besides opened its 1st Courtyard hotel. The company acquired Host International Inc. in 1982, and entered the holiday time-share and senior-living markets in 1984. 1985 was a sad twelvemonth for the company because it was the twelvemonth that J. Willard Marriott Sr. passed off. In the same twelvemonth, The Marriott Distribution Center opened in Savage, Maryland. By the late 80s, The Company acquired the Residence Inn Company and entered the lower-moderate housing section with Fairfield Inn. They besides opened their five-hundredth hotel in Warsaw, Poland, which was merely eight old ages after their hundredth hotel opened. In the same twelvemonth that the five-hundredth hotel opened, the Marriott Foundation for People with Disabilities was established. By the 1900s, the Marriott Foundation began to spread out significantly. During the early 90s, the Marriott s Welfare to Work Program was established, but in 1993, the company spitted up into the Marriot International and the Host Marriott Corporation. In 1995, the Marriott acquired the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, and in 1997, the Marriott acquired the Renaissance Hotel group, and introduces TownePlace Suites, Fairfield Suites, and Marriott Executive Residences trade names. 1998 was a large twelvemonth for the Marriott because it opened its 1,500th hotel, and its gross revenues reached $ 8 billion. Besides in 1998, The Sodexho Alliance acquired the Marriott s nutrient service and facilities-management concerns, and the Marriott acquired 98 % of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. By the terminal of the 90s, the Marriott acquired the ExecuStay Corporation lodging company. In the twelvemonth 2000, the 2,000th Marriott belongings opened in Tampa, Florida. In 2002, the Marriott celebrated its seventy-fifth day of remembrance, and by this clip they owned over 2,300 hotels, 156 Living Services Communities, 200,000 associates, and operations in 63 states and districts with one-year gross revenues of $ 20 billion ( Marriott ) . In the same twelvemonth, the Marriott announced the sale by-product of its Senior Living Services Communities and Marriott Distribution Services. The Marriott opened its five-hundredth extended-stay hotel, stand foring a sum of 400 Residence Inns and 100 TownePlace Suites and the Fairfield Inn besides opened its five-hundredth hotel in Arkansas. Besides in the twelvemonth 2002, the Marriott opened its 2,550th hotel worldwide, and completed the 950-room Desert Ridge Resort A ; Spa in Phoenix, Arizona. By this clip the Marriott had increased its North American market by 8 % . In 2003, the Marriott grosss totaled $ 9 billion in 2003 and $ 476 million in gross net incomes. Marriott added more than 31,000 suites and timeshare units in 2003, conveying the planetary system to 2,718 hotels and timeshare units of 490,564 suites ( Marriott ) . In the same twelvemonth, the Marriott completed the sale of its Senior Living Service Communities and Marriott Distribution Services. The Courtyard opens its five-hundredth hotel in Minneapolis Downtown, and the SpringHill Suites opens its hundredth hotel in Dallas-Addison, Texas ( Marriott ) . In 2004, the Ramada International opens two-hundredth hotel in Amsterdam, Marriott grosss totaled $ 10 billion in 2004 and $ 594 million in net income, added more than 24,000 suites and timeshare units in 2004, conveying the planetary system to 2,632 hotels and timeshare units. In the same twelvemonth, the Marriott ExecuStay hits the 30-market franchise grade, and broadens reach through new understandings in Southern California, St. Louis, and Wisconsin ( Marriott ) . Ramada International besides opened it two-hundredth hotel in Amsterdam, and the 500,000th room opened in London, located at the West India Quay Marriott Hotel in the Canary Wharf territory of London. The Marriott besides rewarded and besides welcomed their 20,000,000th member and the Marriott Vacation Club International celebrated their twentieth day of remembrance. In 2005, Marriott announces the sale of Ramada International hotels, and Marriott and Whitbread completed the dealing, organizing a 50/50 joint venture to get Whitbread s portfolio of 46 franchised Marriott and Renaissance hotels of over 8,000 suites ( Marriott ) . Marriott so took over direction of the hotels, and the joint venture sold them to new proprietors subject to long-run Marriott direction understandings. January 2006 began with the Residence Inn opening its five-hundredth hotel, and the first Residence Inn in New York City. Courtyard opened its 700th hotel, the Courtyard Washington Capitol Hill/Navy Yard, in Washington, D.C. , and unveiled the paradigm of the new Courtyard in Europe with the gap of the Paris Courtyard by Marriott Colombes ( Marriot ) . Marriott.com celebrated 10 old ages of running the online web site by establishing new one-stop services for invitees. The Marriott designated April as the first one-year Environmental Awareness Month to advance activities to continue natural milieus and cut down resource ingestion. In September, all belongingss in the U.S. and Canada became smoke-free ( Marriott ) . In 2007, Marriott celebrated two of import mileposts in Marriott s history: the eightieth day of remembrance of the initiation and the fiftieth day of remembrance of the entry into the hotel concern. On January 8, Marriott.com set a record by bring forthing more than 55,000 reserves in one twenty-four hours, posting a record 55,109 reserves and bring forthing over $ 17 million in gross gross ( Marriott ) . Get downing in February, there were eating houses at more than 2,300 Marriott hotels throughout the U.S. The Marriott was honored with the 2007 Energy Star Sustained Excellence Award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The company was good on its manner to run into at that place end to cut down nursery gases by 6 % per invitee room by 2010. There are many different types of Marriott subdivision categories such as the Luxury subdivisions, the life style and dress shop subdivisions, the signature subdivisions, and the choice service and extended stay subdivisions. In each of these categories there are different types of cabals such as the luxury subdivisions that consist of the Ritz Carlton which has a sub-branch called the Bulagari Hotels A ; Resorts, and the J.W. Marriott Hotels A ; Resorts. The Lifestyle and Boutique subdivision has the Renaissance Hotels A ; Resorts. The Signature subdivision has the Marriott Hotels A ; Resorts, and the Select Service A ; the Extended Stay has the Courtyard by Marriott, Fairfield Inn A ; Suites by Marriott, SpringHill Suites by Marriott, the Resident hostel, and the Towneplace by Marriott. The figure of units and the figure of suites that the Ritz Carlton provides is 77 units and 22,502 suites whose mark markets are a leisure invitee and upscale invitee who like to go in luxury hotels. The figure of units and the figure of suites that the J.W. Marriott Hotels A ; Resorts provides is 46 units and 20,713 suites. Their mark markets are guest who is going for leisure, conventions, and concern. The Marriott Hotels A ; Resorts provides 505 units and 181,500 suites. Their mark markets are a invitee who is going for household leisure and invitees who are going for conventions. The figure of units and the figure of suites that the Renaissance Hotels A ; Resorts provides is 143 units and 50,437 suites. The mark markets of the Renaissance Hotels A ; Resorts are the invitee who is going for concern, leisure, and conventions. The Courtyard by Marriott has 883 units and 129,634 suites, and their mark markets are travellers who are at that place for concern or leisure. The Fairfield Inn A ; Suites by Marriott serve the invitee who is going for leisure, but fancy upper-moderate grade units. The figure of units and the figure of suites that they provide is 657 units a nd 59,663 suites. SpringHill Suites by Marriott leisure houses travellers who are going for leisure and invitee that prefer Extended Stay. There figure of units and suites is 272 units and 31,896 suites. The Resident Inn services invitees who are on long concern trips. The figure of units and suites that they provide is 610 units and 73,849 suites. Last is the TownePlace by Marriott. The figure of units and figure of suites that they provide is 192 units and 19,320 suites. Introduction- Anaheim Marriott Anaheim Marriott s hotel located in Anaheim at 700 West Convention Center Way Anaheim, CA 92802, one block South of Disneyland Resort, and following to the Anaheim Convention Center. The hotel has been a landmark in Anaheim since 1981, and renovated all kiping room in 2000, and front entryway, anteroom, and saloon Reconstruction was completed in 2001. The type of ownership of the hotel is a corporate manages and the entire figure of employees is about 650. The hotel mission statement is to supply echt attention, demoing empathy and compassion and ever transcending the outlooks of our invitees. Last twelvemonth, the hotel mean tenancy rate was 60 per centum, mean day-to-day rate was $ 159, and gross per available room was $ 71.92. Anaheim Marriott is a 3-star full service hotel that attracts invitees runing from convention invitees for an event in the Anaheim convention centre, little concern invitees for usage of their meeting suites or dance halls, and leisure invitees for the visit Disneyland resort. The hotel entire meeting suites infinite is 82,000 sq ft. which includes 44 meeting suites, and 6 dance halls. The meeting suites offer audiovisual equipment, event catering, and high velocity wireless cyberspace. And the hotel consists of 990 regular invitee suites and 40 suites located in three edifices. Room amenities include air-conditioned, marble bathroom, shower/tub combination, hair drier, dismay clock, 24 hr room service, java shaper, LCD telecasting computing machine work Stationss, and etc. The hotel offers Hertz rental auto, FedEx Kinko s concern centre, fittingness centre, an out-of-door splash pool and watering place bath, and etc. The chiefly mark markets for the hotel are the convention invitee, and secondary mark markets are leisure travel. The information about mark markets was based on an interview with Human resources director Karen Kretschmer. The hotel offers two a La menu eating houses, one fast-food concatenation, which is Pizza Hut, one saloon, and Starbucks with a market place. The two hotel eating houses are JW s Steakhouse and Cafe Del Sol. The JW s Steakhouse open merely dinner and offers premier meats and world-class vinos. Another eating house is called Cafe Del Sol. It offers fresh California culinary art and other household friendly dishes, and open for breakfast, tiffin, and dinner. The hotel Starbucks offers all the Starbuck s java, tea, and a assortment of pastries, with a separate counter offering fresh salads, sandwiches, and sweets. It opens for breakfast, tiffin, and light dinner. The hotel saloon is called Degrees ; it offers indoor and out-of-door tabular array seating, big screen Te levision, and poolside service. The hotel check-in starts at 4:00pm and check-out clip is noon. The ego parking fee is $ 24 per twenty-four hours, gentleman parking fee is $ 28 per twenty-four hours, and RV parking fee is $ 30 per topographic point per twenty-four hours. For a day-to-day rate of $ 12.95, the undermentioned characteristics are available in the guestroom: high-velocity cyberspace entree, limitless local phone calls, and limitless long distance calls within the state, non available in all markets. Organizational Structure Anaheim Marriott s executive commission consists of many different sections with their ain particular directors. To get down off, the General Manager is Bill Gunderson. The General Manager is fundamentally the superintendent of every section including the sections of Engineering, Finance/Accounting, Gross saless A ; Marketing, Food A ; Beverage, Market Strategy ( shared service ) , Human Resources, and the Resident director. He is responsible for all of the facets of the operations such as from giving the concluding mandate to engage an employee to implementing policies and processs and guaranting that they are carefully followed. The general director is the anchor to a successful company. The Director for the Engineering Department is Tracy Tomasek with its Chief Engineer, Juan Lopez. The manager controls the internal and external factors of technology activities such as undertakings or technologic thoughts that would supply to the demands of clients. When undertakings are finished, the manager overlooks it to guarantee criterions are met. The Chief Engineer s occupations ranges from keeping the outside of the edifice ( including parking batch and common countries ) , carry oning monthly safety reviews, driving the bird coach when needed, and looking over his work country ( employees ) and studies everything that happens to the manager. In the Anaheim Marriott organisation, there are merely two executive employees in the technology section and other hourly employees. The section of finance consists of Bob Attianese who is the Sr. Director of Finance. The section of finance s end is to help proactively with cost containment, gross sweetening, net income betterment chances and safeguarding of the company s assets. This section oversees the accounting section ; responsible for organizing and pull offing all maps refering to general leger, gross, paysheet, and histories collectible and receivable. Then, the manager reports all seasonably and meaningful intelligence to the General Manager. Under Bob Attianese ( the Senior Director of Finance ) is the Director of Finance Rebecca Salyard and under her is Brian Johnson who is the Senior Assistant Controller. They assist and report fiscal intelligence and informations to the Senior Director who finalizes everything. The Rooms Operations organisation consists of the Resident Manager, Chad Sitkowski. Under him are the two managers: Marcus Borman ( Director of Rooms Operations ) and Arthur Dennis ( Director of Loss Prevention ) . The Director of Rooms Operations is responsible for guaranting the smooth operation of invitee services. There are two executive directors under the Director of Rooms Operations. One is the Front Office Manager. This director is responsible for oversing all responsibilities of the forepart desk. Another director is the Assistant Director of Services. And the Director of Loss bar is responsible for describing and deciding affairs in the country of safety. The Housekeeping Manager is besides under the suites operations organisation. The director is Judith Torres, and he is responsible for telling and stock list cleansing supplies, engaging and developing new employees, and puting employee agendas. The gross revenues and selling section includes the Director of Marketing, the Market Catering Executive, the Director of Gross saless, the Senior Gross saless Executives, and the Senior Catering Executive. The Director of Marketing is a caput of this section, who is Rhanda Richardson. She works with sellers that provide selling, and publishing stuffs to advance and market the hotel. Under her is the Director of Gross saless and under her is three Senior Executives. They are helping the Director of Gross saless, word to construct relationships with possible invitees, and most likely to assist a hotel stay profitable. Last, the Market Catering Executive is Patty Stuckmeyer. She is pull offing providing gross revenues and service for events at the hotel. The section of the Food A ; Beverage consists of John Josberger who is the Director of F A ; B. He is responsible all nutrient and drinks mercantile establishments, storage, and proviso countries. Under him are the Executive Chef and the Director of Restaurants. First, the Executive chef is David Dulkis. He is responsible for guaranting that quality of nutrients is served on agenda and to see that any jobs that arise are rectified. Second, the Director of Restaurants is Mark Sladky. He is supervising all nutrient service activities of the eating houses operation. Under David Dulkis ( Executive Chef ) are the Senior Sous Chef and the Senior Banquet Chef. And under Mark Sladky ( Director of Restuarants ) are the Starbuck s director, the Beverage director, and Room Service director. Probably the biggest group in the organisational construction of Marriott Hotel is the Event Organization. The organisation consists of the Resident Manager, Chad Sitkowski. Under the Resident Manager are the four important-role managers: Tammi Chaabani ( Director of Event Operations ) , Tony Rivers ( Director of Event Technology ) , Peter Gunther ( Director of Event Catering ) , and Nick Valdez ( Director of Event Planning ) . Each manager is in charge of commanding their squad. First, the Director of Event Operations puts together a squad for an juncture. The squad can dwell of cooks to Usshers and interior designers. The leader is in charge of the budget and must hold accomplishments in negociating for pricing with other locales. Occasionally, this crew is responsible for marketing the event. Second, the Director of Event Technology takes attention of the audio/visual/lighting for an event. There are merely the manager and the director in this class with several employees under di rection. Third, the Director of Event Catering intent is to offer catering services and gross revenues for an event in the cordial reception industry. They besides frequently see an event from its planning phases into completion, assisting to be after the nutrient service, planing and functioning the bill of fare, and cleaning up after the event. Events like a nuptials, birthday, or party are occupations normally for this group. This group consists of the Director of Event Catering, Senior Event Catering Manager, and the Event Catering Manager. As others groups, the Senior and Manager have their responsibility to describe to the Director about any intelligence. Since an event happens merely with proper and timely planning, the biggest sub-group is the Event Planning group. They answer the of import inquiries of who, what, when, where, and why and organize a contract with the consumer. This group branches in four other executive staffs: Senior Event Planning Manager, Senior Event Pla nning Manger, Senior Event Planning Manager, and the Event Manager. These functions exist so that the event planning will continue swimmingly and successfully. The Human Resources Department consists of merely two executive employees, Tony Hewes ( Director of Human Resources ) and Karen Kretschmer ( Human Resources Manager ) . Some major duties include enrolling and staffing, policy development and certification, employee safety, public assistance, and wellness/health. Karen Kretschmer was the lady who we had an assignment with for our inspection/tour so I believe it is safe to state that the Human Resources Department besides deals with clients who would wish to hold entree to the construction of an organisation ( in our instance, we sought out the cognition of Marriott Hotel ) . The Revenue Management Organization is a shared service that is responsible for the rates of the hotel s rates for every dark, looking for ways to maximise their day-to-day gross. In the Marriott Hotel organisation, executive rubrics consist of Brenda Ciampa ( Director of Market Strategy ) , ramifying into Maritza Luoni [ Director of Revenue Analysis = gt ; subdivisions into Josh Coy ( Function Space Inventory director ) ] A ; Evan Bailey ( Director of Group Strategy ) . The selling group is in charge of marketing research, selling merchandise, and/or service to clients in a professional manner. The Director of Revenue Analysis analyzes informations about revenue/RevPAR. The bifurcate Function Space Inventory Manager ensures stock list is allocated and restricted decently to maximise gross and net incomes. The Inventory Manager builds all rates, bundles and hotel gross revenues scheme information in the hotel ( s ) stock list systems. Last, the Director of Group Strategy oversees the enforced or strategic enterprises and supervises possible progressing schemes offered by the bifurcate staff members. Observations A ; Analysiss There were many things that our group observed during our site visit. One thing that we did non anticipate was the half indoor half out-of-door pool. We took some images of the pool country because it was really nice. Another thing that we noticed was the big convention wing of the hotel that had a sum of 6 Ballrooms. The hotel had a sum of three different subdivisions of the hotel. The first was the Garden Wing, which surrounded the pool. The second was the Oasis Tower, which was late built 20 old ages ago. The last was the Palms tower, which was the chief tower. The dance halls were split into two classs, the California meeting suites ( smaller suites ) and the Main meeting suites. The dance halls late expanded in 2008. Since we did non anticipate the hotel to be located in the Disneyland country, we were surprised to see a adult male selling Disneyland tickets in a booth following to the Concierge desk. Another great thing that we noticed was that the hotel was really dimmed in so me parts of the hotel. Karen explained to us that the hotel did this to salvage money during the season of the twelvemonth in which they have small concern which we thought was a wise determination. The last thing that shocked our group was the size of the nutrient storage in which Karen referred to as the food market shop of the hotel. There were many things that we observed in each section. The Front Office had Senior directors and Assistant directors, and besides provided the Valet Service, the Concierge s desk, and the Front Desk. What we noticed about the Concierge s Desk was that it was little. What we noticed in the Food and Beverage section was the multiple kitchens. There were 3 kitchens, one large kitchen which was the chief kitchen, a smaller kitchen called the Banquet kitchen, and a preparation kitchen which was besides used for excess infinite. Karen told us that the Banquet kitchen was non used frequently, merely when there were big parties in the meeting suites. Und erground was the staff member s cafeteria, which was non truly a large room, but the nutrient smelled antic. There was a saloon that could be seen in the chief anteroom, which served guest tiffin. There were besides two eating houses, the Cafe De Sol, and the J.W. Steakhouse. We did non acquire a opportunity to walk into the J.W. Steakhouse, but we did acquire to walk in to the Cafe De Sol which was a really nice eating house. There was a Pizza hut, and a Starbucks. Karen told us that the Starbucks was besides known as the Market Topographic point because it provided sandwiches and other nutrient like french friess and drinks like sodium carbonate and H2O. Karen informed us that the bakeshop produced 90 % of staff of life and pastries made from the hotel. She informed us that the F A ; B section neer washed their dishes by manus, but alternatively had a whole room designated for all the dish lavation machines. The Marriott besides provided Room Service. Another thing we noticed o n the chief floor was the Fitness Center, which had all new equipment.The chief floor besides had a gift store, and surprisingly had a FedEx Kinko s Office. One cool thing about the Meeting suites was the Air-walls which made each room capable of widening its size. The Human Resources Department, which was the first section where we met up with Karen, was really little, and merely had two people working that twenty-four hours. There were besides two more desks, but Karen explained that they were non working that twenty-four hours because concern was slow. We did non acquire a opportunity to walk in the Gross saless A ; Marketing Department because the Gross saless employees were busy working difficult, but we did acquire to see the country they were in, which was located in the belowground degree. The accounting and Engineering A ; Maintenance Departments were besides belowground. Now the largest section was the Housekeeping Department. There was a laundry room, but Karen informed us that instead than making the laundry in-house, the hotel sent out the wash to a laundry company called Radiant. We were non lucky plenty to run into the General Manager, but we were able to run into the Head Managers of the Human Resources Department, who was Karen, and the caput of the Food and Beverage Department, and the Housekeeping Department. We were really impressed with the Anaheim Marriott s cordial reception in comparing with the J.W. Marriott at L.A. live because they non merely transferred me to different sections that led us nowhere, but they besides failed to reacting to multiple phone calls and electronic mails that we left them. We were non disappointed with any facets of the hotel, but we would urge that the hole the asphalt around the pool country because there were some clefts, and some parts of the floor were different colourss. We were besides disappointed about the parking construction monetary value which was $ 24 dollars, we found that really hideous, and chose to park in a residential country a twosome of blocks off. The failing that the Marriott had was that it was across a Hilton Hotel which looked much nicer and more suites available. The Strength that the Marriott had was that it was located right following to the Anaheim Convention Center. Karen informed us that concern was slow because of the recession, the Hilton and the Marriott would work together to increase their gross. This worked out because they would rede a invitee to travel to the opposing hotel when they wanted a good eating house to eat in when invitees did non desire to eat at the same eating houses twice. It was non a immense addition in concern, but it still benefited both hotels none the lupus erythematosus. Recommendations and Decision

Leadership and service improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership and service improvement - Essay Example We have adopted a QCC drive to carry out the function of patient observations for the first 24 hours of their admission at intervals of four hours each. Thereafter the nurses are required to apply their professional intellect and decide how often the patients need observation. My unit decided that eight-hour-intervals would be quite appropriate for patient observations for the next forty eight hours of their admission. All our patient observations go into the database to enable the Trust note when we complete them on time and when we fail to as well. Failure of which, a fine is charged on all the nurses by the QCC. My unit and I decided that our first patient observations during the initial twenty four hours which are to be done at eight-hour intervals would be at 6:00 hours and 14:00 hours respectively. As for the latter patient observations at four-hour intervals, we agreed upon 6:00 hours, 10:00 hours, 14:00 hours, 18:00 hours, 22:00 hours and 2:00 hours in that order. The rest of the hours are appropriate but for 6:00 hours, which is undoubtedly a challenge. First off, the patients do need their rest. Waking them up at 6:00 hours in the morning for their routine observations certainly does not help this aspect of their recovery. The daily routine at the National Health Service commences at 7:00 hours. ... My master plan is mainly focused on the leadership problems we have at the facility. It is my belief that most of the shortcomings we experience at the work area are as a result of poor leadership, which in turn leads to poor formation of plans and hence failure. Therefore I intend to address this issue and offer a better approach to the leadership and management of the ward. It is important that a leader first have that position, but if you want to become a real leader, you have to qualify for that position before your followers will really look up to you as their leader (Bacher, 272). Leadership is something that must be earned. For the purpose of ensuring the success of my service improvement plan I ha handle the leadership issue at my work are.ve a couple of leadership styles and theories that I believe would be appropriate for solving the leadership problem at my work area. Different types of organizations or species are needed in different types of environments (Farmer, 256). T ransactional leadership Transactional can also be referred to as managerial leadership. It mainly deals with the task of supervising, organizing and group performance. Assumptions of transactional leadership For people to work y and efficiently and give their best performance, there needs to be a definite and obvious chain of command. The things that motivate workers the most are when they are promised a reward or threatened with a punishment. The workers are usually keen on following orders of the leader. The workers are supposed to be monitored so as to ensure that they are doing as expected. Application of transactional leadership Transactional leadership simply operates as an exchange

Society, Community, & Family Impact of Technology Research Paper - 1

Society, Community, & Family Impact of Technology - Research Paper Example Additionally, some modes of communication such as use of smoke and hooting of horns conveyed wrong messages. In connection to this, the paper will provide detailed information on the computer and communication technologies along expounding on their history, development, use, and the conditions of the computer and communication technologies before and after the introduction of technology. As introduced above, technology has advanced extensively in the current society. Almost everything in the current world is run by the aid of machines such as computers and phones (Nayab 1). The effect of technology however is very extensive in the field of communication; many organizations have managed to produce diverse types of computers and phones to enhance the reduction of the whole world into a small village. The process of human communication has undergone many changes over the years, with many diverse path-breaking inventions and findings a lift from one step to another. Pictographs were the first writing materials that were invented to enhance communication in historical times. These writings were on solid materials such as stones and remained immobile. The invention of papyrus, wax and paper led to the invention of printing press in early 15th century. This invention enhanced the transfer of documents from one location to another, allowing uniformity of languages over wide areas (Nayab 1). The latest revolution is the extensive use of electronic technology such as computers and phones. Phones and computers have enhanced the transfer of documents via use of electronic waves and signals. Currently, computers and smartphones are used in communication between people without concern of physical distance. People from different ends of the world also communicate currently via audio, video l inks, and text via aid of correct hardware and software which are products of technological advancement. Communication was a great challenge before the invention

Importance of Professional Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Importance of Professional Networking - Essay Example Therefore, even when there is a job opening, people may not know about it (Zack, pp. 103-104). They only method that the company would use is that of â€Å"personal recommendations† of the employees which are already working in the company. Quite understandably, if someone has a friend in a company due to his networking abilities, he may be the first one to know about that opening thus increasing the probability of him getting the job (Baber & Waymon, pp. 63-64). It is also very much a matter of enthusiasm and interest as well. The point here is that when employers are hiring, they always want focused, hardworking, and determined people to perform those tasks. In a way, professional networking is the manifestation of the same. If an individual were really determined about getting a job then only he would spend his time and energy in networking with the professionals (Vermeiren, pp. 89-93). Most people would prefer to spend their time with their friends, family or by entertaini ng themselves in some or the way. However, a person who has created and kept himself in close contact with his network of professionals, he must be really very passionate and eager about his work as well. Furthermore, it also depicts that the person has a healthy set of communication and presentation skills as well. May be a few decades back, it was all about â€Å"what you know,† your skills, knowledge, attitude, results, school, education and others. However, today is not only about what you know but it is also, about â€Å"who you know.† It may sound a bit unfair and unethical but one should look at it in a way that if you have all the skills, knowledge, and abilities but if no one knows about the same, then all of that is useless (Baber & Waymon,... This essay outlines the increasing importance of professional networking in assisting in work finding for jobseekers and cutting the costs of finding best candidates for jobs for employers. Many executives, managers and head hunters are keeping a close eye on the internet and websites like LinkedIn so that they could minimize the time, energy and costs required for this process Today, finding a job has become an art in itself. Many experts have repeatedly identified that this art can be mastered by learning â€Å"professional networking† May be a few decades back, it was all about â€Å"what you know,† your skills, knowledge, attitude, results, school, education and others. However, today is not only about what you know but it is also, about â€Å"who you know.† It may sound a bit unfair and unethical but one should look at it in a way that if you have all the skills, knowledge, and abilities but if no one knows about the same, then all of that is useless Important here to note is that today we are living in a society where the need is to embrace diversity and celebrate the differences rather fighting with it.. Therefore, people who are good at social networking are better performers when it comes to understanding people from diverse backgrounds. They know how to deal with people in their own styles. Therefore, they present themselves to the company as great candidates for available jobs Professional networking is also a viable option for job seeking because of the new â€Å"online† element which has came onto the scene.

Communication Skills and Values in Social Work

Communication Skills and Values in Social Work Discuss the use of communication skills and values in social work This assignment sets out to explore the use of communication skills and value in social work according to three interconnected dimensions. The first section discusses the importance of communication in the practice of social work – including building a rapport with service users and carers, and the importance of empowerment. The second section identifies and explains the centrality of effective communication skills such as negotiation, interviewing and self-awareness. After this, part three considers the impact of personal and professional values on communication. This includes traditional and radical values in social work practice and the effects of communication in ethical dilemmas. The code of practice (CCW, 2002) in the Welsh context is considered throughout. This first section discusses the importance of communication and empowerment in social work practice with service users, carers and other professionals. Communication is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary (2013) as the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. It cannot be described in such narrow terms within social work because of the different techniques involved in working with different service users in a multitude of situations. This involves social workers making judgements and getting to know the service user in order to communicate efficiently to the service users preferred method of communication (Wilson et al, 2008). Communication in social work practice is central to all inter-agency working and to building relationships with service users and carers. Good communication as a social worker requires the expertise to be both sensitive and understanding of their situation in order to build rapport with the individual (Treve thick, 2000). Rapport is how the social worker contacts and engages with the service user and carers. Developing a rapport starts with an introduction which forms the basis of the relationship, particularly as it is important to gain an understanding of the service user. This involves discussing their background, values, culture and needs, which will help develop the rapport (Knapp, 2009). The fundamentals of communication in social work are voice and speech, body language, hearing, observing, encouraging and remembering. These skills can be used in introductions with service users and their families/ carers. Introductions can be uncomfortable and worrying for the service user if they are unsure what a social worker is there for and it depends on their previous experiences, if any. To ease this process an introduction exercise can be implemented – for example a genogram can be drawn by asking the family to collectively describe each family member in the house and those they would describe as their support and closest to them. Put simply, a genogram is a very detailed family tree using symbols to represent relationships (Parker and Bradley, 2010). This will help build a relationship with the service user as well as gain information and observe their reactions (body language) when working together and when talking about family and friends. This will show some key skills on the social workers behalf such as, listening, speech, remembering and encouraging. Active listening uses a combination of talking and listening skills to make the service user feel you understand their situation, and encourages them to place trust in the social worker (Cournoyer, 2011). It involves positive body language and speech to invite/enable the service user to express themselves. More specifically, body language is expression through movement and facial expressions which convey emotion. Social workers should use body language to make service users feel more comfortable but also pay attention to whether the service user is showing signs of aggression, trying to hide something, or seems happy in the situation. Empowerment is a process promoted by skills and should involve the service user. It aims to emphasise the rights and needs of people who may be oppressed by society (Leadbetter, 2002). Empowerment can be delivered in many forms, for example, personal, organisational, community based, family, group or team empowerment. Personal empowerment helps service users to gain control over their situations and overall empower themselves and others to enable change. Organisational empowerment supports staff in an organisation, promoting morale and motivation in workers so they are happy to take on more responsibilities and go to work. Community based empowerment supports the community to challenge inequalities and exclusion so everyone who lives in a certain society can feel a part of the community and take control of their environment. Family, group or team empowerment focuses on allowing each person in the group to help each other and themselves collectively. They can call on each other for su pport and help if they need to fight oppressive behaviour (Adams, 1996). The second section discusses effective communication skills and how they support anti-oppressive practice. Skills are the ability to carry out a particular activity effectively and consistently over a period of time (Thompson, 2005:81). Skills that shape the way social workers communicate are interviewing, negotiation and partnership and self-awareness (Thompson, 2005). An interview is a conversation with meaning and the beginning of change (Trevethick, 2000). Social workers use interviews to collect data and to build a face to face rapport with service users. An interview should be natural and the service user should not feel like they are being treated according to a checklist just going through the process, as this could be seen as oppressive if service users are not treated as individuals. The service user should have an understanding of why the social worker is there and has the right to know the process that has taken place to get to the interview. A key skill of interviewing i s directing, this means although there should be a steady flow the social worker needs to keep the conversation on the subject that they are there for in a subtle way. This can be done by using phatic conversation as glue to keep it social and help keep a relationship going but redirecting to the main issue so it is a healthy balance for both taking part. It is better to use questions that will not give the service user the answer, especially children because this could create a story that is not exact. For example use, where did you get that bruise? Instead of did your mum give you that bruise? Open ended questions allow service users to expand on answers and give information that the social worker may not have thought to ask about (Hepworth et al, 2010). Negotiation and partnership is an essential part of interagency working. Working in partnership with other professionals requires a level of negotiation when both services have different/alternative ideas of what is best for the service user. Professionals who work together quite commonly are social workers and health care professionals. Everyone involved in interagency team should have a clear role and have an understanding of each others place/responsibilities in the team and their point of view. Negotiation may take place in deciding the best solution for a service user. However, there may be a hierarchy between the professionals causing tensions in decision-making. This would need to be resolved in order to work in partnership. This can be achieved by building relationships and achieving trust and mutual respect through communication (Atkinson et al, 2007). The code of practice (6.5) states social workers should always treat colleagues with respect and work openly and co-operativ ely with them (CCW, 2002). Negotiation also takes place with service users in the decision of the best solution for their situation. Keeping the service user involved with all decisions helps maintain the service users trust and confidence in social services. This is anti-oppressive practice, which involves social workers empowering the service user to take control of their lives and help contact people in their society in similar situations. This is to help them feel part of society no matter their culture, language or lifestyle. It is seen as part of the social workers job to get rid of oppression in society (Dominelli, 2002). For example, by using a language interpreter this will make the service user more at ease and allow them to get their point across better. Social workers need a level of self-awareness to convey attitudes, the correct emotions and self-control. Without self-control personal issues and emotional attachment to a situation could be expressed which could cloud professional judgement. The situation should always be focused on the service user and the social workers thoughts of their personal perfect solution may not coincide with the service user (Cournoyer, 2011). The code of practice (2.6) states social workers must declare issues that may create conflict of interests and making sure they do not influence their judgement or practice (CCW, 2002). The skill of self-awareness grows overtime with experience in practice, it teaches social workers to think on their feet during communication and difficult situations, deal with stress and tackle all obstacles as completely different when dealing with different people (Cournoyer, 2011). This third, and final, section considers the impact of personal and professional values upon communication within social work practice, including how ethical issues arise in communication. Personal values need to be taken into account because they will frame many decisions; its the social workers instincts about safety and danger that decides, for instance, whether it is safe for a child to stay with their parents. However, personal values need to coincide with professional values because social workers cannot let personal judgements shadow their professional obligations to help all service users and abide by the code of practice (CCW, 2002). For example a social worker cannot express their personal opinions to a service user through verbal or non-verbal communication. They have to treat them with professional courtesy despite their personal feelings towards them. Social work values are underpinned by traditional and radical values. Traditional values focuses on being non-judgemental , protecting confidentiality and treating the service user with dignity and respect (Biestek, 1961). This follows the anti-oppressive practice of treating everyone as individuals and to not compare two different cases. These values underpin the core principles of the code of practice (CCW, 2002). Radical values are more modern views of social work practice which involves the service users taking more action to solve their problems themselves. For example, empowering the service user to have more confidence to build a partnership with their social worker and give input into their own plans for the future (Thompson, 2000). According to BASW code of ethics (2012) professional ethics concerns matters of right and wrong conduct, good and bad qualities of character and the professional responsibilities attached to relationships in a work context. Ethical issues can arise because social workers promote the welfare and rights of service users but the end result may not coincide with what the service user thinks is the right decision for them. This could cause communication barriers/issues because social workers support service users to be a part of deciding their own life changes then in some circumstances this power can be taken away from them. For example, an elderly woman wants to be able to live at home but she does not have the support and her dementia and mobility is deteriorating. The decision is made that she needs to go into supported accommodation, this effects the social workers relationship with the woman and the service users whole demeanour changes towards the social worker including body langu age, attitude and facial expression. In conclusion, communication verbal and non-verbal resides at the core of social work. It is utilized in all areas of social work as an essential part of the job. Communication is used in services for elderly, children, people with disabilities, drug and alcohol abuse and mental health. It is used to build relationships, create solutions and to negotiate plans for service users. It is important that social workers work to always improve these skills and complete training so they can learn from other professionals experiences of how different service users, carers and professionals like to work in partnership. This includes how to communicate with people who may not want to co-operate to begin with but can use negotiation skills to improve the relationship.

Essay on the Religious Right and The Handmaids Tale :: Handmaids Tale Essays

The Religious Right and The Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood is set in the near future in the Republic of Gilead, formerly the United States. A religious extremist right-wing movement assassinated the president and congress and took complete control of the government. The constitution was suspended and liberties revoked. Women found themselves completely subordinated in the new regime, generally assigned to the legal care of a male "guardian." Offred, the main character of the story, was fortunate in many ways. Because she was still fertile, she was not branded an "Unwoman" and sent to the "Colonies," where thousands of individuals deemed undesirable by the government were sent to toil in toxic plants and agricultural camps. Instead, her fate was to become a "handmaid." Birthrates were declining in the republic, so a fertile female became a prized commodity. Since Offred had been divorced prior to the revolution, the religious leaders controlling the government saw fit to take her from her second husband and child and assign her to a "guardian," a high ranking male. Her sole purpose in life with the guardian was to become pregnant. Once a month an insemination ceremony would take place, during which the guardian would attempt to impregnate Offred while his wife read passages from the bible to them. All three remained clothed and there was no passion involved. In the course of her life as a handmaid, Offred discovers more about Gilead. Her secondary duty (after getting pregnant) was to go into town each day and purchase food. She gradually makes contact with another handmaid, Ofglen, who introduces her to the underground movement against the republic. She eventually becomes involved in a number of illegal activities, and eventually is forced to try and escape. The Handmaid's Tale is really about the role of women in society. If it were possible to eliminate women from Gilead, it seems that the republic would have done so. Instead, they are reduced into doing the one thing for which Gilead can find no substitute -- producing children. They are so reduced that they cannot even feel passion or enjoy sex. Infertile women have it even worse; they are not considered to be women at all, and are deported or killed. The message is that women are needed to continue humanity but that they are to have no other role in the society that they allow to exist. Essay on the Religious Right and The Handmaid's Tale :: Handmaid's Tale Essays The Religious Right and The Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood is set in the near future in the Republic of Gilead, formerly the United States. A religious extremist right-wing movement assassinated the president and congress and took complete control of the government. The constitution was suspended and liberties revoked. Women found themselves completely subordinated in the new regime, generally assigned to the legal care of a male "guardian." Offred, the main character of the story, was fortunate in many ways. Because she was still fertile, she was not branded an "Unwoman" and sent to the "Colonies," where thousands of individuals deemed undesirable by the government were sent to toil in toxic plants and agricultural camps. Instead, her fate was to become a "handmaid." Birthrates were declining in the republic, so a fertile female became a prized commodity. Since Offred had been divorced prior to the revolution, the religious leaders controlling the government saw fit to take her from her second husband and child and assign her to a "guardian," a high ranking male. Her sole purpose in life with the guardian was to become pregnant. Once a month an insemination ceremony would take place, during which the guardian would attempt to impregnate Offred while his wife read passages from the bible to them. All three remained clothed and there was no passion involved. In the course of her life as a handmaid, Offred discovers more about Gilead. Her secondary duty (after getting pregnant) was to go into town each day and purchase food. She gradually makes contact with another handmaid, Ofglen, who introduces her to the underground movement against the republic. She eventually becomes involved in a number of illegal activities, and eventually is forced to try and escape. The Handmaid's Tale is really about the role of women in society. If it were possible to eliminate women from Gilead, it seems that the republic would have done so. Instead, they are reduced into doing the one thing for which Gilead can find no substitute -- producing children. They are so reduced that they cannot even feel passion or enjoy sex. Infertile women have it even worse; they are not considered to be women at all, and are deported or killed. The message is that women are needed to continue humanity but that they are to have no other role in the society that they allow to exist.

Resume Sample for Pharmacy

Mr. Venkatesh Jangala Phone: +91 9985398963 Email: venky. [email  protected] com Date of Birth: 23 november 1987 Address: D. NO; 3-578(A),Undavalli centre, Tadepalli(post), Gunturdist – 522501. Languages Known: English, Hindi, Telugu Objective: To be a part of an organization where my skills are put to an optimal use and which offers scope for knowledge and growth. Educational Qualifications: |Year |Degree/Certificate |University/Board |Marks obtained | |2012 |Master’s of pharmacy(pharm. hemistry)* |BITS Pilani, |7. 33/10 | | | |Hyderabad Campus |(CGPA) | |2010 |Bachelor of pharmacy |ANU(Acharya nagarjuna university) |79. 5% | |2005 |Intermediate |Board of intermediate education,A.P |93% | |2003 |SSC |SSC board,Andhra pradesh |87. 5% | Experiences / Projects: ? 6 months of internship at Hindustan Life care Limited,Kerala Worked in clean room(class 10,000) and performed Validation studies on clean room cleaning procedure in Blood bad department M. Pharmacy: ? Project- 1: Drug interaction studies for newer anti- TB drug. Studying of the metabolic interactions of a newer anti TB drug with other rugs in wistar rats such as Glipizide(CYP2C9 enzyme substrate) Ketaconazole( CYP3A4 inhibitor) by analysing the change in drug levels in plasma using RP-HPLC ? Project-2:Bio analytical method validation of a newer anti-TB drug. Analytical method development of a newly synthesised anti-TB drug using RP-HPLC with plasma samples and validating the parameters such as accuracy,precision and stability etc.. , Mini project(s) ? Pharmacophore modelling of adenosine receptor antagonists in alcohol addiction induced liver fibrosis Design of controlled released tablet formulations of verapamil hydrichloride and their physical evaluation. Others: Isolation of Hesperidin from citrus sinuses,and evaluation of hypo- glyceamic activity Hypo- lipidemic activity on rats . Technical Skills: ? Handling of HPLC, UV,FT-IR &dissolution apparatus ? Designing of Analytical and bio-a nalytical method development studies for newer drugs using HPLC and validation of analytical methods and instruments. ? Pharmacokinetic studies for a new formulation and drug. Documentation work in industries, design of quality assurance studies. Elective Courses: – Computer aided drug design. – Dosage form design Awards / Honours / Achievements: Published one paper on† Synthesis of highly potent novel anti-tubercular isoniazid analogues with preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation† in Bio-organic and medicinal chemistry letters. Qualified GPAT & NIPER-2010. Extra-Curricular Activities: Organisation and participation in my B. pharm college. Won second prize in dancing competition held at my college

Dates for Major Events in Ancient History

Dates for Major Events in Ancient History The major events in ancient history listed in the table below are those  happenings in the world that led to or gravely impacted the rise and decline of the great Mediterranean civilizations of Greece and Rome. Many of the dates cited below are only approximate or traditional. This is particularly true of the events before the rise of Greece and Rome, but the early years of Greece and Rome are also approximations. 4th Millennium BCE 3500:  The first cities are built  by the  Sumerians  at Tell Brak, Uruk, and Hamoukar in Mesopotamias Fertile Crescent.   3000: Cuneiform writing is developed in Uruk  as a way to track commercial trade and taxes.  Ã‚   3rd Millennium BCE 2900: The first defensive walls are built in Mesopotamia.   2686–2160: The first pharaoh Djoser unites upper and lower Egypt for the first time, establishing the Old Kingdom.   2560: The Egyptian architect Imhotep finishes the  Great Pyramid of Cheops on the Giza Plateau. 2nd Millennium BCE 1900–1600: The Minoan culture on the Greek island of Crete becomes a powerhouse of the international shipping trade. 1795–1750:  Hammurabi, who wrote the first legal code, conquers  Mesopotamia, the land between the  Tigris  and Euphrates Rivers. 1650: The Middle Kingdom of Egypt falls apart and Lower Egypt is ruled by the Asiatic Hyksos; the Kushite kingdom rules Upper Egypt. 1600:  The Minoan culture is replaced by the  Mycenaean civilization  of mainland Greece, thought to be the Trojan civilization recorded by Homer. 1550–1069: Ahmose drives out the Hyksos and establishes the New Kingdom dynastic period in Egypt. 1350–1334: Akhenaten introduces (briefly) monotheism in Egypt.   1200: Fall of Troy (if there was a Trojan War). 1st Millennium BCE 995: The Judean King David captures Jerusalem.   8th Century BCE 780–560: Greeks send settlers to create colonies in Asia Minor. 776: Legendary start of the Ancient Olympics. 753: Legendary founding of Rome. 7th Century BCE   621: Greek lawgiver Draco establishes a written but harsh code of laws to punish trivial and serious crimes in Athens.   612: The Babylonians and  Medes  burn the Persian capital of Nineveh,  marking the end of the Assyrian Empire. 6th Century BCE 594:  The Greek philosopher Solon becomes archon (chief magistrate) in Greece and attempts to legislate reforms  with a new code of laws for Athens.   588: Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar conquers Jerusalem and brings the Judean king and thousands of citizens of Judea back to Babylon with him. 585: Greek philosopher  Thales  of Miletus successfully predicts a solar eclipse on May 28. 550: Cyrus the Great establishes the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire. 550: Greek colonies include almost all of the Black Sea area, but begin to find it difficult to survive so far from Athens and make diplomatic compromises with the Persian Empire. 546–538: Cyrus and the Medes defeat Croesus and capture  Lydia.   538: Cyrus allows the Jews in Babylon to return home. 525:  Egypt falls to the Persians and becomes a satrapy under Cyruss son Cambyses.   509: Traditional date for the founding of the Roman Republic. 508: Athenian lawgiver Cleisthenes reforms the constitution of ancient Athens, setting it on a democratic footing. 509: Rome signs a friendship treaty with Carthage. 5th Century BCE 499: After paying tribute and arms to the Persian Empire for several decades, Greek city-states revolt against Persian rule. 492–449: The Persian king Darius the Great invades Greece, kicking off the Persian Wars.   490: Greeks win against the Persians in Battle of Marathon. 480: Xerxes overcomes the Spartans at Thermopylae; at Salamis, the combined Greek navy wins that battle. 479: Battle of Plataea is won by the Greeks, effectively ending the second Persian invasion. 483: Indian philosopher Siddhartha Gautama Buddha (563–483) dies and his followers begin to organize a religious movement based on his teachings. 479: Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479) dies, and his disciples carry on. 461–429: Greek statesman Pericles (494–429) leads a period of economic growth and cultural flourishing, also known as the Golden Age of Greece.   449: Persia and Athens sign the Peace of Callias, officially ending the Persian Wars. 431–404: The Peloponnesian War pits Athens against Sparta.  Ã‚   430–426: The Plague of Athens kills an estimated 300,000 people, among them Pericles. 4th Century BCE 371: Sparta is defeated at the battle at Leuctra.   346: Philip II of Macedon (382–336) forces Athens to accept the Peace of Philocrates, a peace treaty marking the end of Greek independence. 336: Philips son Alexander the Great (356–323) rules Macedonia. 334: Alexander fights and wins against the Persians at the Battle of Granicus in Anatolia. 333: Macedonian forces under Alexander defeat  the Persians at the Battle of Issus. 332: Alexander conquers Egypt, founds Alexandria, and installs a Greek government but leaves the next year. 331: At the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander defeats the Persian king Darius III. 326: Alexander reaches the limit of his expansion, winning the Battle of the Hydaspes in the northern Punjab region of what is today Pakistan. 324: The Mauryan empire  in India is founded by Chandragupta Maurya, the first ruler  to unite most of the Indian subcontinent. 323: Alexander dies, and his empire falls apart as his generals, the diadochi, battle one another for supremacy. 305: The first Greek pharaoh of Egypt, Ptolemy I, takes over the reins and establishes the Ptolemaic dynasty. 3rd Century BCE 265–241: The First Punic War between Rome and Carthage is waged with no decisive winner.   240: Greek mathematician Eratosthenes (276–194) measures the Earths circumference. 221–206:  Qin Shi Huang  (259–210) unites China for the first time, beginning the Qin Dynasty; construction on the Great Wall begins. 218–201: The Second Punic War begins in Carthage, this time led by the Phoenician leader Hannibal (247–183) and a force supported by elephants; he loses to the Romans and later commits suicide.   215–148: The Macedonian Wars lead to Romes control of Greece. 206: The Han Dynasty rules in China, led by  Liu Bang (Emperor Gao), who uses the Silk Road to make trade connections as far as the Mediterranean. 2nd Century BCE 149–146: The Third Punic War is waged, and at the end, according to legend, the Romans salt the land so Carthaginians can no longer live there.   135: The first Servile War is conducted when the slaves of Sicily revolt against Rome. 133–123: The Gracchi brothers attempt to reform Romes social and political structure to help the lower classes.   1st Century BCE 91–88: The Social War (or Marsic War) begins,  a rebellion waged by Italians who want Roman citizenship. 88–63: The Mithridatic Wars are fought by Rome against the Pontic empire  and its allies. 60: Roman leaders  Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar form the 1st Triumvirate.   55: Julius  Caesar invades Britain. 49: Caesar crosses the Rubicon, precipitating the Roman Civil War. 44: On the Ides of March (March 15), Caesar is assassinated. 43: The 2nd Triumvirate, that of Marc Antony, Octavian, and M Aemillius Lepidus, is established.   31: At the Battle of Actium, Antony and the last Ptolemaic pharaoh Cleopatra VII are defeated and soon after Augustus (Octavian) becomes the first emperor of Rome. 1st Century CE 9: German tribes destroy 3 Roman legions under P. Quinctilius Varnus in the Teutoberg Forest. 33: Judean philosopher Jesus (3 BCE–33 CE)  is executed by Rome and his followers continue. 64: Rome burns while Nero (supposedly) fiddles.   79: Mount Vesuvius erupts burying the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. 2nd Century CE 122: Roman soldiers begin building Hadrians Wall, a defensive structure that will eventually stretch 70 miles across Northern England and marks the northern limit of the empire in Great Britain. 3rd Century CE 212: The  Edict of Caracalla extends Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Empire. 284–305: The Roman Emperor Diocletian divides the Roman empire into four administrative units known as the Roman Tetrarchy, and afterward there was usually more than one imperial head of Rome. 4th Century CE 313: Decree of Milan legalizes Christianity in the Roman Empire. 324: Constantine the Great establishes his capital at Byzantium (Constantinople). 378: Emperor Valens is killed by the Visigoths at the Battle at Adrianople. 5th Century CE 410: Rome is sacked by the Visigoths. 426: Augustine writes City of God, in support of Christianity in Rome. 451: Attila the Hun (406–453) faces the Visigoths and Romans together in the Battle of Chalons. He then invades Italy but is convinced to withdraw by Pope Leo I.   453: Attila the Hun dies.   455: Vandals sack Rome. 476: Arguably, the western Roman Empire ends when Emperor Romulus Augustulus is removed from office.

The Absent Male In Little Women Essays - English-language Films

The Absent Male In Little Women Essays - English-language Films The Absent Male in Little Women "No gentlemen were admitted" writes Louisa May Alcott in Little Women to describe the all-female private revue the March sisters perform. And as the novel progresses, one cannot help but wonder if this same sentiment does indeed echo throughout the novel, as male characters are conspicuously absent while all the pivotal parts are played by the women characters. This gender imbalance in that there are more female characters than male in Little Women is especially obvious when male authority figures such as Mr March and Mr Lawrence are markedly absent for most of the novel. When they do appear, they are in need of love and care from the women. Mr Lawrence, who is nursing a broken heart over the death of his daughter, is healed by Beth's gentle manners, while Mr March's broken constitution is nursed back to health by his loving wife and daughters. The only male character who appears prominently in Little Women is Laurie, who, although the richest and most eligible bachelor for miles, is drawn to the motherly smile and warmth of the little cottage, despite the luxuries of his mansion next door. John Brooke, Laurie?s tutor and Meg?s husband, too, is drawn to the homey atmosphere of the March residence, having recently lost his mother. In a bold move that differentiates Alcott from her contemporaries, the male characters in Little Women are all not capable of providing sustenance to their womenfolk as they are incapacitated (either by a war injury, an emotional scar, or an impoverished background). The women are thus forced to take on varied roles in order to provide materially and emotionally for the family. They are the ones who shoulder the burden in situations not unlike those of the Alcott family. Is it by chance, or is premeditation, that most of Alcott?s novels feature an absent father? And when he does reappear, he is very often silent, ill or injured. It is obvious Alcott has problems portraying strong male characters, probably from the fact that she hadn?t seen too many of them. Furthermore, Alcott is not able to describe a situation where love is emoted expressively from men. In all her novels, the male characters disappoint in one way or the other. In many ways, they are very similar to her own father. Bronson Alcott was a man who preferred dreaming, shirking his fatherly and husbandly duties, and was prone to going on extended trips without his family. Bronson Alcott deserted his family for months at a time purportedly to earn a living. But he was not very successful in that area. Once he came back with a new scarf and a dollar in his pocket to a hungry family waiting for the money to buy some much needed bread. He handed over the token that he was paid to Alcott with the careless remark: ?Well, Louisa, there?s little money, but I had a great time and was asked to come again.? In Little Women, the appearance of these hapless males in search of a mother figure to comfort them celebrates the Good Mother, a role played by Marmee and her four daughters. The Good Mother figure, as explained by French feminist writer Helene Cixous in her manifesto The Laugh of the Medusa, is a woman who is an omnipotent, generous dispenser of love, nourishment and plenitute. And in a departure from the patriachal system that she grew up in, Alcott proclaims women as the source of life, power, energy and advice. In Good Wives (pages 211 - 213), Marmee says to Meg, beginning with: "May I speak quite freely, and will you remember that it's mother who blames as well as mother who sympathises?" before concluding with "Don't shut yourself up in a bandbox because you are a woman, but understand what is going on, and educate yourself to take your part in the world's work, for it all affects you and yours." Then later on in Good Wives (page 318), Jo exclaim about Marmee: "How goo! d she is to me! What do girls do who haven't any mothers to help them through their troubles?" Alcott's portrayal of a strong mother figure is no

Discuss on the basis of relevant case law, the legal aspects of the Essay

Discuss on the basis of relevant case law, the legal aspects of the undertaking of seaworthiness in contracts for the carriage o - Essay Example This is a condition that must be fulfilled in order to avoid losses. Compensation will only be guaranteed when seaworthiness is adhered to all the times. A ship is said to be fit if it is in a condition that the owner can allow it to take a voyage. The probable future events are also put into consideration in the determination of seaworthiness (Wilson 2010, p.9-15). Sea worthiness is determined by the type of voyage to be made, and also the class of the vessel. Kopitoff v Wilson (1876) provides the meaning of seaworthiness. This essay seeks to discuss the legal aspect of understanding of seaworthiness in contracts for the carriage of goods by sea. Application of Hague Rules as amended Charter party contract is negotiable in a free market, and it is subject to the law of supply and demand. The rules were designed to clarify on the legality of the carrier of goods (Wilson 2010, p.9-15). There are clauses that guide the parties to the contract. The law of merchant holds water in the des igning and implementation of the rules to be considered in the contract. The Hague/Visby Rules provide a provision to the parties of the contract. All the contracts of Affreightment outline the provision of a sea worthy vessel for the work. This helps in reducing accidents, and also the risks of undertaking the business. There is the obligation rule to stick when carrying out the business of carrying goods via sea. The sea worthiness includes presence of competent crew and sufficient fuel for the voyage (Wilson 2010, p.9-15). The contracting parties are required to operate a fair business involving principle of indemnity. There should be disclosure of the contents of goods to be carried. This reduces the chances of carrying dangerous goods. In the case of Northern Shipping Co v Deutsche Seereederei GmbH & Ors, the vessel was carrying highly inflammable cargo. The cargo had not been declared appropriately. The law provides for the owner of the ship to avail a sea worth vessel. Any br each of contract will result to the nullification of the contract. The vessel availed for the transaction should be fit. Contracting States The Madeline [1967] stated about the non cancellation of charter agreement before the termination of the voyage. The Affreightment contract governed by Hague or Visby Rules, will have to abide with the principle of due diligence. This will facilitate the providence of sea worthy vessel. Any negligence caused by the contracting parties will result to liability (Wilson 2010, p.9-15). The liability can be reduced only by providing a sea worthy ship. Corporate social responsibility is one highly researched on in the recent years. The topic is a current loom in business arenas as scholars and managers seek to improve the way corporations do business. In its simplicity, corporate social responsibility refers to a school of thought of management where corporations are persuaded to engage in their business affairs in a responsible manner. It is a call f or organizations to participate in making their environmental constituents happier and better. This requires that corporations participate in a legal and a socially responsible manner (Wilson 2010, p.9-15). Therefore, an organization should estimate the market expectation and respond accordingly. There are twofold obligations to the ship owner when availing a sea vessel which is sea worth. The vessel must have competent crew to operate it and also necessary facilities for the operation. A vessel is

Non-current assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Non-current assets - Essay Example The effective date on the basis of IASB was the fiscal periods on or after the financial year ending on 2004. Differences in accounting treatment The accounting standard of IAS 16 refers to the tangible noncurrent assets as property, plant and equipment and identifies that they hold a physical substance which can be used for delivery of goods or services or for purposes of administration. The physical substances are expected to be in use for more than a single accounting period. There are some problems accrued to the definition (Friedrich and Friedrich, 2009). Freehold as well as leasehold land, plants and machinery and buildings are included in the PPE. The aim of the accounting standard is to lay down the treatment for accounting relating to recognition of assets, the willpower of the carrying amounts and the charges of depreciation as well as the loses that relates to them. The accounting standard should be followed in the accounting process for PPE as using another PPE requires t he use of different treatment. A business should have the capability to recognize the associated risks and rewards correlated with the asset (Kelly, n.d. p. 1-3). The business controls the asset. The rewards are the custodies. The cost of risk and repairs are treated as costs. Any loss emerging from the assets are treated as costs as well. Under the accounting standard it is expected that the future anticipated economic benefit will find the way to the owner and the associated costs can be measured reliably. IAS 16 accounts for two models namely the cost model and the revaluation model for measuring PPE. In the first model, an item under PPE is carried at the cost which is less than the accumulated depreciation as well as less than any accumulated impairment losses. In the second model, the item in PPE is carried at fair value less than accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The standard is in line with the definition of the asset set in IASB. It is possible to have a relia ble cost of PPE by the transaction cost of the market in cases where the asset has been acquired. The incidental acquisition cost includes the attributed cost of carrying the asset to the site (The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan, n.d.). The import duties, the cost of preparation of the sites and the fess of professionals are included in the incidental cost of acquisition. The inclusion ceases once the asset is made ready to use. The asset may not be brought into use but it should to ready to use. The costs that are excluded from the standard are cost of generating a new facility, overhead costs of the administration and the cost associated with introducing the new produced product. An obligation often arises to dismantle the product after the life cycle and the obligation is recorded s the liability at the time the asset is recognized. In the cases where the assets are self constructed the costs of the materials that were acquired, the costs related to labour and the other associated costs must be recognized. IAS 38 provides the definition of asset recognition and specifies the ways the carrying amounts should be measured in the following periods as well as guides on the disclosures. The accounting standard can be applied to all intangible assets except the assets that are within the scope of another standard. It is inapplicable to the intangible assets held by someone